Abstract
Our sages teach that the unity of G-d is the cardinal principle of Jewish theology. This idea is articulated most clearly by Rabbi Moshe Hayyim Luzzatto (Ramhal), who explains that G-d wishes to be accepted and crowned by beings who willingly and freely choose to do so. This is the reason for creation and the meaning of history. But how can evil exist alongside this unity. This paper explores the human role in this unfolding drama. What is the relevance of unity and duality in understanding the human personality? Is there a basic core to the human personality that dictates behavior, or are human actors forever changing character in response to the pressures of the moment? Psychologists are divided over this question. The Jewish point of view postulates a good and evil inclination, a a divine and an animal soul struggling to dominate each person. The models of the Kabbalah, the Gaon of Vilna, Rabbi Hayyim or Volozhin, the Alter Rebbe, and the Ramhal will be discussed.