Abstract
The question of when life begins, or more correctly, when the human embryo or fetus becomes a person entitled to legal rights, is the basis of this compelling and comprehensive study. Examining the historical, philosophical, and theological basis of the Vatican's views on the origins of human life and procreation, the author draws upon numerous references to document his view that "the embryo, or early fetus, cannot be considered a person." He strongly objects to appeals by the Vatican authorities for civil legislation dealing not only with abortion, but also with artificial means of fertilization and birth control that would force upon non-Catholics values and principles that limit what he believes to be fundamental human rights.